Biodiversity Information Science and Standards :
Conference Abstract
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Corresponding author: Arthur D Chapman (biodiv_2@achapman.org), John R Wieczorek (gtuco.btuco@gmail.com), Paula F Zermoglio (pzermoglio@gmail.com)
Received: 25 Sep 2020 | Published: 29 Sep 2020
© 2020 Arthur Chapman, John Wieczorek, Paula Zermoglio, Maria Luna, David Bloom
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Chapman AD, Wieczorek JR, Zermoglio PF, Luna MC, Bloom DA (2020) Improved Georeferencing: Three essential guiding documents. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 4: e58983. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.4.58983
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To understand biological and geological events and the history of collected samples, it is essential to determine and communicate location information accurately. The accuracy of a georeference depends upon the circumstances of the event. Historical collections depend on having clear verbatim locality descriptions, the correct interpretation of data written on labels, and on the availability of gazetteers and maps of suitable scale and time. Observation and tracking data localities depend on GPS (Global Positiioning System) accuracy, and on presence or absence of nearby obstructions such as buildings, forest cover, cliffs, etc. Marine data depend on the accurate determination of the surface location and the techniques to position a dive event from that location and to determine its depth and extent. Many people are using smartphones or maps such as Google Earth and Google Maps to determine their georeferences – but are they suitable and accurate enough to determine locations and elevations?
New editions of the Georeferencing Best Practices (
For the last decade, Darwin Core (
biodiversity, georeferencing, documentation, methods
Arthur D Chapman
TDWG 2020
GBIF Documentation
Global Biodiversity Information Facility