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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">63</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:0E0032F4-55AE-5263-8B3C-F4DD637C30C2</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Biodiversity Information Science and Standards</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">BISS</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2535-0897</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Pensoft Publishers</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/tdwgproceedings.1.20430</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20430</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">7888</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Conference Abstract</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="conference-part">
          <subject>Workshop: Towards an Online Atlas of Phenology</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Documenting Reproductive Phenology using Herbarium Specimens: Experiences from the New England Vascular Plants Project</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Sweeney</surname>
            <given-names>Patrick W</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">patrick.sweeney@yale.edu</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Gilbert</surname>
            <given-names>Edward</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, United States of America</addr-line>
        <institution>Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">New Haven</addr-line>
        <country>United States of America</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Arizona State University, Symbiota, Tempe, United States of America</addr-line>
        <institution>Arizona State University, Symbiota</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Tempe</addr-line>
        <country>United States of America</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Patrick W Sweeney (<email xlink:type="simple">patrick.sweeney@yale.edu</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>18</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1</volume>
      <elocation-id>e20430</elocation-id>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/14581621-70FA-5FCF-AE4F-EF4CACC09007">14581621-70FA-5FCF-AE4F-EF4CACC09007</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/1140627">1140627</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Patrick W Sweeney, Edward Gilbert</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>Herbarium specimens and associated label data are valuable sources of phenological data. They can provide information about the phenological state of the specimen and information about how phenology varies in space and time. In an effort to leverage this tremendous phenological resource, the New England Vascular Plants project (NEVP) has worked over the past few years to create a data set catered to the study of the effects of climate change in New England. This project has focused on capturing images, specimen occurrence data, and reproductive phenology from New England specimens housed in 17 herbaria in northeastern North America. Flowering and fruiting state was scored from images of specimens or derived from pre-existing occurrence records. Data was captured through crowdsourcing efforts and by paid staff. To help standardize the scoring process, a controlled reproductive phenology vocabulary was developed with input from the community. This vocabulary prioritized simplicity of use and broad applicability. In this talk, I will give an overview of our efforts, describing the digitization products, controlled vocabulary, scoring process, and method for sharing the scorings with data users. I will also discuss the challenges involved in utilizing uncontrolled phenology data in pre-existing occurrence records.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <label>Keywords</label>
        <kwd>controlled vocabulary</kwd>
        <kwd>digitization</kwd>
        <kwd>herbarium specimens</kwd>
        <kwd>New England</kwd>
        <kwd>phenology</kwd>
        <kwd>vascular plants</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>
            <named-content content-type="funder_name">National Science Foundation</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="funder_identifier">100000001</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="funder_doi">http://doi.org/10.13039/100000001</named-content>
          </funding-source>
        </award-group>
      </funding-group>
      <conference>
        <conf-date>1-6 October 2017</conf-date>
        <conf-name>TDWG 2017 Annual Conference</conf-name>
        <conf-acronym>TDWG 2017</conf-acronym>
        <conf-loc>Ottawa, Canada</conf-loc>
        <conf-theme>Data Integration in a Big Data Universe: Associating Occurrences with Genes, Phenotypes, and Environments</conf-theme>
      </conference>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="0"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
    <notes>
      <sec sec-type="Presenting author">
        <title>Presenting author</title>
        <p>Patrick W. Sweeney</p>
      </sec>
    </notes>
  </front>
  <back>
    <ack>
      <title>Acknowledgements</title>
      <p>National Science Foundation (Award 1209149)</p>
    </ack>
  </back>
</article>
