<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//TaxonX//DTD Taxonomic Treatment Publishing DTD v0 20100105//EN" "https://biss.pensoft.net/nlm/tax-treatment-NS0.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tp="http://www.plazi.org/taxpub" article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">63</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:0E0032F4-55AE-5263-8B3C-F4DD637C30C2</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Biodiversity Information Science and Standards</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">BISS</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2535-0897</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Pensoft Publishers</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/biss.9.179381</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">179381</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">29643</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Conference Abstract</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="conference-part">
          <subject>6960773 - Contributed Oral presentations</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="biological_taxon">
          <subject>Animalia</subject>
          <subject>Fungi</subject>
          <subject>Plantae</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>Artificial intelligence</subject>
          <subject>Natural History</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="geographical_area">
          <subject>South America</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Educating To Recognize and Value Local Biodiversity: From the University to the Community, With the Help of iNaturalist</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Cancino</surname>
            <given-names>Juan Miguel</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">jcancino@ucsc.cl</email>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6243-685X</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
          <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/conceptualization/">Conceptualization</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>González-Kother</surname>
            <given-names>Paola</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Villafaña</surname>
            <given-names>Jaime Andrés</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
          <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/data-curation/">Data curation</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Rebolledo</surname>
            <given-names>Natalia Carolina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
          <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/formal-analysis/">Formal analysis</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Mondaca</surname>
            <given-names>Leonardo Alexis</given-names>
          </name>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9386-1059</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
          <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/data-curation/">Data curation</role>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile</addr-line>
        <institution>Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Concepción</addr-line>
        <country>Chile</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Juan Miguel Cancino (<email xlink:type="simple">jcancino@ucsc.cl</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>26</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>9</volume>
      <elocation-id>e179381</elocation-id>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/B78DC157-0E0D-525F-92E5-35F33EE53C8A">B78DC157-0E0D-525F-92E5-35F33EE53C8A</uri>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Juan Miguel Cancino, Paola González-Kother, Jaime Andrés Villafaña, Natalia Carolina Rebolledo, Leonardo Alexis Mondaca</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>iNaturalist*<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN13715028">1</xref> is a digital citizen science platform that allows the presence of species to be identified and geolocated. In Chile, it was adopted by the Ministry of the Environment*<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN13715029">2</xref> and is widely used by academics, students and the public. This platform has become a valuable educational tool at the Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception (USCS)*<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN13715030">3</xref>, allowing students to experience being protagonists in the generation of knowledge, which is made instantly available to a community of millions of naturalists around the world. In the process, students learn to recognize the various species that exist in a given study site, a fundamental step to value and promote the conservation of biodiversity. </p>
        <p>The objective of this work is to share the progress made with 14 projects created since 2021 to the present, brought together under the umbrella project "Naturalists in Action"*<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN13715031">4</xref> (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F13618197">1</xref>), with its concrete application to the registration of biodiversity on the main university campus, and moving forward into projects that involve community organizations. One hundred and eighty-three students from 23 undergraduate and graduate programs at UCSC (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F13618207">2</xref>) have participated in these projects, with more than 6400 observations, 1190 species registered and identified, with the online collaboration of more than 800 specialists and naturalists in general (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F13618197">1</xref>). </p>
        <p>Nearly 70% of the students who learned to use the application in curricular activities at UCSC have remained active on iNaturalist (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F13618209">3</xref>), showing the interest generated by the knowledge of local biodiversity. In agreement with <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13618211">Di Cecco et al. (2021)</xref>, a few of them stayed very active (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F13618209">3</xref>). </p>
        <p>The most recent actions involve the creation of collection projects for areas delimited by a .kml file, such as the one created for the  San Andrés Campus*<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN13715034">5</xref>. In addition, students and academics have collaborated with citizen organizations that wish to promote the conservation of nature, in places of interest, by virtue of the biodiversity they host, or for the cultural value they represent. Emblematic iNaturalist projects are the ones generated to accompany the conference cycles created in alliance with the <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13618224">Museo de Historia Natural de Concepción (2024)</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13618233">Museo de Historia Natural de Concepción (2025a)</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13618253">Museo de Historia Natural de Concepción (2025b)</xref>, entitled  “Luciérnagas en Concepción”*<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN13715585">6</xref> and “<italic>Puya chilensis </italic>Santuario de la Naturaleza Península de Hualpén”*<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN13715586">7</xref>. Both include lectures at the Museum and registration of people interested in sighting the organisms of interest in the field. Fireflies and <italic>P. chilensis</italic> are two types of charismatic organisms that help to promote the conservation of habitats and biodiversity on a local scale.  </p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <label>Keywords</label>
        <kwd>environmental education</kwd>
        <kwd>iNaturalist projects</kwd>
        <kwd>Concepción</kwd>
        <kwd>Chile.</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="3"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="4"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
    <notes>
      <sec sec-type="Presenting author">
        <title>Presenting author</title>
        <p>Juan Miguel Cancino</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="Presented at">
        <title>Presented at</title>
        <p>Living Data 2025</p>
      </sec>
    </notes>
  </front>
  
  <back>
    <ack>
      <title>Acknowledgements</title>
      <p>The authors wish to thank UCSC for providing the conditions to innovate teaching with actions such as those described here, as well as to the students who, with their enthusiasm for understanding nature, have been part of the iNaturalist collection projects. We also give our thanks to our colleagues at the Faculty of Science and to our external partners of the Natural History Museum, Concepción.</p>
    </ack>
    <sec sec-type="Conflicts of interest">
      <title>Conflicts of interest</title>
      <p>No conflict of interest to declare</p>
      <p>Disclaimer: This article is (co-)authored by any of the Editors-in-Chief, Managing Editors or their deputies in this journal.</p>
    </sec>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B13618211">
        <element-citation publication-type="article">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name name-style="western">
              <surname>Di Cecco</surname>
              <given-names>Grace J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western">
              <surname>Barve</surname>
              <given-names>Vijay</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western">
              <surname>Belitz</surname>
              <given-names>Michael W</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western">
              <surname>Stucky</surname>
              <given-names>Brian J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western">
              <surname>Guralnick</surname>
              <given-names>Robert P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western">
              <surname>Hurlbert</surname>
              <given-names>Allen H</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <year>2021</year>
          <article-title>Observing the Observers: How Participants Contribute Data to iNaturalist and Implications for Biodiversity Science</article-title>
          <source>BioScience</source>
          <volume>71</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <fpage>1179</fpage>
          <lpage>1188</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/biosci/biab093</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13618224">
        <element-citation publication-type="website">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name name-style="western">
              <surname>Concepción</surname>
              <given-names>Museo de Historia Natural de</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <uri>https://www.mhnconcepcion.gob.cl/noticias/destellos-al-atardecer-luciernagas-en-el-gran-concepcion</uri>
          <date-in-citation content-type="access-date">2025-11-01T00:27:44+00:00</date-in-citation>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13618233">
        <element-citation publication-type="website">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name name-style="western">
              <surname>Concepción</surname>
              <given-names>Museo de Historia Natural de</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <uri>https://www.mhnconcepcion.gob.cl/cartelera/ciclo-destellos-al-atardecer-luciernagas-en-el-gran-concepcion-0</uri>
          <date-in-citation content-type="access-date">2025-11-01T00:33:12+00:00</date-in-citation>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13618253">
        <element-citation publication-type="website">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name name-style="western">
              <surname>Concepción</surname>
              <given-names>Museo de Historia Natural de</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>El Museo y la Facultad de Ciencias UCSC invitaron a la comunidad a conocer los secretos de la Puya o Chagual</article-title>
          <uri>https://www.mhnconcepcion.gob.cl/noticias/el-museo-y-la-facultad-de-ciencias-ucsc-invitaron-la-comunidad-conocer-los-secretos-de-la</uri>
          <date-in-citation content-type="access-date">2025-11-01T00:25:53+00:00</date-in-citation>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn id="FN13715028">
        <label>*1</label>
        <p>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.inaturalist.org">https://www.inaturalist.org</ext-link>
        </p>
      </fn>
      <fn id="FN13715029">
        <label>*2</label>
        <p>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://inaturalist.mma.gob.cl/">https://inaturalist.mma.gob.cl/</ext-link>
        </p>
      </fn>
      <fn id="FN13715030">
        <label>*3</label>
        <p>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.ucsc.cl">https://www.ucsc.cl</ext-link>
        </p>
      </fn>
      <fn id="FN13715031">
        <label>*4</label>
        <p>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://inaturalist.mma.gob.cl/projects/naturalistas-en-accion">https://inaturalist.mma.gob.cl/projects/naturalistas-en-accion</ext-link>
        </p>
      </fn>
      <fn id="FN13715034">
        <label>*5</label>
        <p>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://inaturalist.mma.gob.cl/projects/biodiversidad-campus-san-andres-ucsc">https://inaturalist.mma.gob.cl/projects/biodiversidad-campus-san-andres-ucsc</ext-link>
        </p>
      </fn>
      <fn id="FN13715585">
        <label>*6</label>
        <p>Luciérnagas en Concepción · iNaturalist Chile: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://inaturalist.mma.gob.cl/projects/luciernagas-en-concepcion">https://inaturalist.mma.gob.cl/projects/luciernagas-en-concepcion</ext-link></p>
      </fn>
      <fn id="FN13715586">
        <label>*7</label>
        <p>Puya chilensis Santuario de la Naturaleza Península de Hualpén · iNaturalist Chile: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://inaturalist.mma.gob.cl/projects/puya-chilensis-santuario-de-la-naturaleza-peninsula-de-hualpen">https://inaturalist.mma.gob.cl/projects/puya-chilensis-santuario-de-la-naturaleza-peninsula-de-hualpen</ext-link></p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <floats-group>
    <fig id="F13618197" position="float" orientation="portrait">
      <object-id content-type="arpha">188BC002-3320-56E4-9B22-42C23BDC19AD</object-id>
      
      <label>Figure 1.</label>
      <caption>
        <p>Naturalist in Action, the iNaturalist umbrella project. Figure modified from a screenshot from iNaturalist website, with information retrieved on September 23, 2025*<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN13715031">4</xref> Figure under the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license</ext-link>.   </p>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="biss-09-e179381-g001.png" position="float" id="oo_1456001.png" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple">
        <uri content-type="original_file">https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1456001</uri>
      </graphic>
    </fig>
    <fig id="F13618207" position="float" orientation="portrait">
      <object-id content-type="arpha">07829C0F-6409-5D15-8A1F-03A18D4C4A46</object-id>
      
      <label>Figure 2.</label>
      <caption>
        <p>Composition of the community of students who have learned to use iNaturalist at the UCSC 2021–2025. Figure under the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license</ext-link>.  </p>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="biss-09-e179381-g002.png" position="float" id="oo_1456002.png" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple">
        <uri content-type="original_file">https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1456002</uri>
      </graphic>
    </fig>
    <fig id="F13618209" position="float" orientation="portrait">
      <object-id content-type="arpha">A0D1ABCB-DDC5-5012-84CA-7F0A84D5AE32</object-id>
      
      <label>Figure 3.</label>
      <caption>
        <p>Frequency distribution of the number of new observations (blue bars) and new species records (dotted line, black numbers) contributed since the end of the project by observers involved at UCSC. Figure under the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license</ext-link>.</p>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="biss-09-e179381-g003.png" position="float" id="oo_1456003.png" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple">
        <uri content-type="original_file">https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1456003</uri>
      </graphic>
    </fig>
  </floats-group>
</article>
